Risk Management Requires Thorough Analysis Essay - 1452 Words

Risk Management Successful risk management requires thorough analysis, rating, ranking, and mitigation documentation. To do proper risk rating and ranking, a rating matrix needs to be defined. The rating matrix used by Project Pluto is included below. Risk Determination Documented risks are rated by likelihood of occurrence and impact to the project. The factors below define the overall risk ranking. Table A documents the criteria used in determining overall risk ratings. Table A: Risk Rating Matrix Risk Likelihood Risk Impact Low (10) Moderate (50) High (100) High (1.0) Low 10 x 1.0 = 10 Moderate 50 x 1.0 = 50 High 100 x 1.0 = 100 Moderate (0.5) Low 10 x 0.5 = 5 Moderate 50 x 0.5 = 25 Moderate 100 x 0.5 = 50 Low (0.1) Low 10 x 0.1 = 1 Low 50 x 0.1 = 5 Low 100 x 0.1 = 10 Risk Scale: Low (1 to 10); Moderate (10 to 50); High (50 to 100) (Hohner, 2012, 11-13) Risk Mitigation Strategies For all the risks identified, one of the following five risk mitigation strategies will be used. The strategy used depends on the overall risk rating and the risk management decision made by the project team. Risk Avoidance Risk avoidance is concerned with changing the situation to reduce the probability of a potential problem to an acceptable level. (Fairley 382-388) Risk Transfer Risk transfer involves reallocating the requirements that created the risk factor to another system component or another organizational unit that can better handle the risk factor. (FairleyShow MoreRelatedRisk Control Techniques, Limitations And Challenges1052 Words   |  5 PagesRisk Control Techniques, Limitations and Challenges 6 April 2016, Posted by Shuhui Yang (Team N) D ecisions are along with uncertainties, which always indicate a potential loss. Therefore, risk analysis and management have played an increasingly important role in business decisions. As the demands arise, risk analysis techniques are gradually improving and perfecting. 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A rocket blows upon launch or it doesn’t. A space craft reaches its destination planet or it doesn’t. The craft lands safely on the planet surface or it doesn’t. We can easily envision these risks, and this makes the process of managing them relatively transparent. Even better, the risk management jargon needed to understand the risk management process is minimal. Mostly, this case re quires a thorough reading and some deep thinkingRead MoreHealth Information Technology For Economic And Clinical Health1484 Words   |  6 Pagesany identifying patient information, or alert any entity that a particular patient is participating in alcohol/drug treatment program. This type of privacy breach must be reported promptly to the internal review board (IRB), compliance officer, risk management office and the privacy officer at the healthcare organization. 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Recruitment schedule and preparation for interview Free Essays

Describe about yourself† – Identify synopsis about the applicant, specifically their Unique Selling Proposition, describe the applicants who they are and the major benefit that a company will drive from this person. Q. â€Å"Why have you applied for this Job? Or â€Å"Why are you leaving the current position? † – These are very critical questions. We will write a custom essay sample on Recruitment schedule and preparation for interview or any similar topic only for you Order Now The interviewer will consider the reason why the applicants make a change. Is that problem with their previous employer or co-workers? Or do they want to promote? Q. What do you consider your most significant accomplishment in your previous Jobs? † – To find out their experiences/roles/responsibilities that the company can derive from that accomplishments Q. â€Å"What excites you most about this position and what do you think would be stretch for you? † – Evaluate and test the applicant to make sure they understand this Job description and what motivates them to take this Job. Interview questions about applicant’s skills and experiences: Q. â€Å"Why do you believe you are qualified for this position? – To identify what qualifications or skills that the applicants need to adapt this Job. The applicant need to mention technical skills, a management skill or personal success story Q. What do you like/dislike most about your previous Job? â₠¬  – Try to determine compatibility with the open position. Can discuss about challenges, pressure situations, deadlines Q. â€Å"What tasks do you find the hardest in the last Jobs? What weaknesses do you have and want to improve? † – Understand the limit of the applicants and identify their weakness. Does the weakness affect to the company? Or could the weaknesses be improved? Q. â€Å"Describe a difficult work situation/ project and how would you handle it? † Q. â€Å"Describe the time that you didn’t work well with supervisor or co-worker? What was the outcome and how would you have changed the outcome? † CIO. â€Å"Have you worked with someone you didn’t like? If so, how you handle it? † – These case-study questions to determine how the applicants dealt with their Jobs under the difficult situations such as pressure, technical problems, confliction with co-workers†¦ IQ 1 . â€Å"Do you prefer to work independently or on a team? † – Want to know if they are team’s players or would rather work on their own. IQ 2. â€Å"Give some examples of teamwork that you involved. † – Determine the applicant’s roles/responsibilities in the team and how heir contribution to make the project successfully Interview Questions about Technical Skills IQ 3. â€Å"What do you do to maintain your technical certifications? † IQ 4. â€Å"How do you keep current on this industry? – Want to know if the applicant still update their knowledge in IT field and â€Å"could they be trained if required? † IQ 5. â€Å"How do you troubleshoot IT issues? † Q. â€Å"What development tools have you used? † – To find out their experience how to troubleshoot computer’s hardware and software; maybe which tools they used to fix it or what programming language they used†¦ IQ 7. â€Å"Tell me a bout a time that you work conveying technical information to a unintentional audience† – Examine applicant’s communication skills, and how they delivered their Job to unintentional audience. How quickly are they response for the problems? IQ 8. â€Å"Tell me about the IT’s project you are most proud of, and what your contribution was. † IQ 9. â€Å"Give an example of where you have applied your technical knowledge in a practical way’ – A deeper look in terms of technical skills to make sure the candidates are suitable for this Job. The interviewer maybe look at the software, management tools or development tools they used, are these tools used in our company? Q. What are you salary requirements – both short-terms and long- terms? Would you take a Job for less money? † – To identify the salary that satisfy the applicant and also consider the budget that company can afford it Interview Guide l. Prepare Create comfortable environment Introduce the purpose of this interview Spend some time introducing yourself to the applicants, and ask the applicants to do the same II. Core interview Focus on open questions to draw out candid ates and their opinions. The questions would follow interview questions above: General questions: Ask about the applicant’s personality, passion, hobbies Opinions about work and life Work independently or team Their ability Experienced in problems and how deal with it Deal with deadlines, stress Technical questions: Their roles/responsibilities in previous project/Job Ability to pick up new product/technology quickly Technical skills Technical training courses Career and company questions: Salary requirements Opinions about this position/company Future career plan Ill. After the interview – Tell the applicants how can you reach them or send the results. Write a checklist all the questions you as How to cite Recruitment schedule and preparation for interview, Papers

Children Play Definition and Theories free essay sample

In the University of Washingtons The Online Dally students newspaper, Alison Dammed In her two pages article published In 1997 titled Kids Need Real Freedom to Grow wrote Todays generation lead much more insulated lives, (Dampen ) that is they are insulated from the actual freedom to play to, get into trouble, do things that kids are suppose to do. She ultimately concluded that play is no longer play because It has progress from the outdoor type of play Into Indoor, because parents are too protective of their children.I agree with Alison Dammed that play has progressed, but that does not dictate that todays children are not experiencing the fun in which she had had as a child. What Is play? Alison Dammed begin her article with a series of past play experiences that depict the deflation of play. She wrote, Our play time never had a structured format, yet cant remember even being at a loss for what to do. We will write a custom essay sample on Children Play Definition and Theories or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In many events she recalled her play experiences as she wrote, had no structure, which Is the core to our definition of play.Play requires no time or place, play rather append spontaneously. The key word here Is place according to Alison Dammed, our generation spends too much time indoor and very little time outdoor, participating in play activities that requires a child to runabout freely. This is where I disagree with Dammed, she made the notion that children should be allow to gallivant about the street freely, to have fun, But according to the definition mention above play should have no structure or format, that is play can happen anywhere at any given time if the fun factor is satisfied.With the increase in gang violent, child abduction, and various other deadly incidents involving children, the world in which we live in has become more and more dangerous for our children. Due to this, parents are becoming more alert, more open to protect their children. They allow such commercial products with the purpose to Child-proof, to monitor their child during their course of play. These products for example the computer, video games, the TV gave parents the power to completely plan their childs play activities to keep their hill safely Inside their home, and Alison Dammed believe this ultimately hindered the real purpose of play.Once again Alison Dammed completely misses the important factors that define play. Computer, video games, as well as TV has its own benefits. Video games allow a child to carry on his or her creative self-expression through the virtual characters. In the game the child Is allow to be anything that he or she want to be, and of course it produce pure pleasure. This is apparent because video games is particularly popular among children, the same can be said about computer or TV. These technologies gives children the same effect that Alison had while participating In those outdoor play activities, otherwise video games or TV would not be as popular as they are today. Alison also emphasize the fact that parents are too overprotective of their children, that the child is no longer allow the freedom to play, and if they do, they are often under heavy security and as she wrote, Encased in every conceivable protective foam device, (Dampen).It is the parents duty to safeguard their children, and I understand that parents can sometime be too over-protected, but this goes not necessarily affect the childs play. Padded protected gears and various other 1 OFF unfortunate incident. Alison Dammed was right when she mentioned that play has no structure or format, but play is only rewarding if carried on properly. Through the use of protected gears and other child-proof method, parents can help optimize and maximize their childrens play experiences, allowing them to fully participate in play.

My Family and Other Animals. Birds, Beasts and Relatives Review Essay Example

My Family and Other Animals. Birds, Beasts and Relatives Review Paper Essay on My Family and Other Animals. Birds, Beasts and Relatives I am writing this review because it was surprised to see how few people read Gerald Durrell. In vain! Remarkable, extraordinary writer! Beautiful stylist, fun and funny storyteller, and an acute observer, to all this, the famous scientist and naturalist. Therefore, it is a small epic of the years he spent with his family on the island of Corfu, read with a smile, interest and surprise. With a smile, because Darrell that grew in surrounded by books, and next to his brother-writer, said with an indescribable humor as events in his family and the animal world the biggest hobby since childhood. No boring descriptions of animals is not in sight, on the contrary, with absolute scientific rigor, Darrell finds such practices and expressions of animals of the story ( he (the dove) uncannily like the famous opera singer, who walked, puffing out his chest on deck of a cruise ship and prepared to break out the aria, it (the bird) sitting, swallowing as the Dowager Duchess, who choked sorbet at the ball ) that make even small wildlife enthusiasts read with interest the chapter devoted to the little animals. But, by the way, in the words of the author himself, his family, after he let it in the book, significantly pushed and almost replaced the animals. With that, Durrell describes the events from the perspective of themselves a decade, it is still not a childrens book, a f unny and good memories of an adult, sometimes anecdotally funny, sometimes ironic. We will write a custom essay sample on My Family and Other Animals. Birds, Beasts and Relatives Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on My Family and Other Animals. Birds, Beasts and Relatives Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on My Family and Other Animals. Birds, Beasts and Relatives Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer An interesting book describing the marvelous nature Corfu accurate and amusing observations of the nature of the Greeks. A surprise and delight gives me the ability to Gerald Durrell look at life simple, fun and good-natured For those who know English, I advise you to read the original:. Even the most beautiful interpreter is not always possible to pass a funny accent, game words or irony of the writer. one more thing. This book is in stores are often placed on shelves or with children, or with the scientific and popular literature. But My Family and Other Animals neither one nor the other! This is something special. Its Darrell!

Shakespeare Sonnet 2 - Analysis

Shakespeare Sonnet 2 - Analysis Shakespeare’s Sonnet 2: When Forty Winters Shall Besiege Thy Brow is interesting because it further expresses his desire for the subject of his poem to breed. This theme is introduced in Sonnet 1 and continues through to poem 17. The poem advises the fair youth that when he is old and looks withered and terrible he can, at least, point to his son and say that he has passed on his beauty to him. However, if he does not breed, he will have to live with the shame of simply looking old and withered. In short, a child would compensate for the ravages of aging. Through metaphor, the poem suggests that you can live your life through your child if necessary. The child would provide evidence that he was once beautiful and worthy of praise. The full text of the sonnet can be read here:  Sonnet 2. Sonnet 2: Facts Sequence:  Second sonnet in the  Fair Youth Sonnets.Key Themes:  Old age, procreation, a child providing evidence of one’s worth, Winter, obsession with the fair youth’s beauty.Style: Written in iambic pentameter and follows the traditional sonnet form. Sonnet 2: Translation When forty winters have passed, you will have aged and become wrinkly. Your youthful looks, so admired as they are now, will be gone. Then if anyone asks you where your beauty lies, where the worth of your youthful, lusty days is evident, you could say: â€Å"Within mine own deep sunken eyes.† But that would be shameful and not praiseworthy if you didn’t have a child to show off and say this is evidence of my beauty and the reason for my aging. The child’s beauty is proof of mine: â€Å"Proving his beauty by succession thine.† The child would be youthful and beautiful when you are old and would remind you of being young and warm-blooded when you are cold. Sonnet 2: Analysis Being forty years old in Shakespeare’s time would likely have been considered to be a â€Å"good old age†, so when forty winters had passed, you would have been considered old. In this sonnet, the poet is giving almost fatherly advice to the fair youth. He does not appear to be interested in the fair youth romantically himself in this poem but is encouraging a heterosexual union. However, the preoccupation with the fair youth and his life choices soon becomes quite overwhelming and obsessive. The sonnet takes a subtly different tack from Sonnet 1 (where he says that if the fair youth does not breed it would be selfish of him and the world would regret it). In this sonnet, the poet suggests that the fair youth would feel shame and would personally regret it himself – perhaps the speaker does so to appeal to the narcissistic side of the fair youth, pointed to in Sonnet 1. Perhaps a narcissist would not care what the world thinks, but would care what he may feel himself in later life?

Television History and the Cathode Ray Tube

Television History and the Cathode Ray Tube The development of electronic television systems was based on the development of the cathode ray tube (CRT). A cathode ray tube aka picture tube was found in all electronic television sets up until the invention of the less bulky LCD screens. Definitions A cathode is a terminal or electrode at which electrons enter a system, such as an electrolytic cell or an electron tube.A cathode ray is a stream of electrons leaving the negative electrode, or cathode, in a discharge tube (an electron tube that contains gas or vapor at low pressure), or emitted by a heated filament in certain electron tubes.A vacuum tube is an electron tube consisting of a sealed glass or metal enclosure from which the air has been withdrawn.A cathode ray tube or CRT is a specialized vacuum tube in which images are produced when an electron beam strikes a phosphorescent surface. Besides television sets, cathode ray tubes are used in computer monitors, automated teller machines, video game machines, video cameras, oscilloscopes and radar displays. The first cathode ray tube scanning device was invented by the German scientist Karl Ferdinand Braun in 1897. Braun introduced a CRT with a fluorescent screen, known as the cathode ray oscilloscope. The screen would emit a visible light when struck by a beam of electrons. In 1907, the Russian scientist Boris Rosing (who worked with Vladimir Zworykin) used a CRT in the receiver of a television system that at the camera end made use of mirror-drum scanning. Rosing transmitted crude geometrical patterns onto the television screen and was the first inventor to do so using a CRT. Modern phosphor screens using multiple beams of electrons have allowed CRTs to display millions of colors. A cathode ray tube is a vacuum tube that produces images when its phosphorescent surface is struck by electron beams. 1855 German,  Heinrich Geissler  invents the Geissler tube, created using his mercury pump this was the first good evacuated (of air) vacuum tube later modified by Sir William Crookes. 1859 German mathematician and physicist,  Julius Plucker  experiments with invisible cathode rays.  Cathode rays  were first identified by Julius Plucker. 1878 Englishmen,  Sir William Crookes  was the first person to confirm the existence of cathode rays by displaying them, with his invention of the Crookes tube, a crude prototype for all  future  cathode ray tubes. 1897 German, Karl Ferdinand Braun invents the CRT oscilloscope - the Braun Tube was the forerunner of todays television and radar tubes. 1929 Vladimir Kosma Zworykin  invented a cathode ray tube called the kinescope - for use with a primitive television system. 1931 Allen B. Du Mont made the first commercially practical and durable CRT for television.

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 13

Case Study Example However a host EJ had a negative incident with a guest and she lost a lot of her belongings and suffered losses. She posted the incident in different networking sites and it soon became viral. The site was late to respond to the problems of EJ and did little to address the issues. Airbnb as a responsible firm should have made sure that the guests that it is referring to the hosts. Moreover even after the complaint was lodged by the host, it did not take initiative to look into the matter. In EJ’s case the site should have contacted the guest and asked for proper explanations. Proper probes that would have provided detailed insights into the matter should have been conducted such that the positions of both the parties can be properly reviewed. The results of the probe would have declared the guilty party and if proved guilty the guest should have been asked to pay for the damage done to the host. In case the host was found guilty defamation charges should have been filed agains t the host. But the site had taken no such initiative till the matter started getting widely publicised. There were repeated complaints regarding the site’s credibility and the firm should have taken initiative to resolve the issues such that it could ensure maximum customer satisfaction. Moreover customer review system is faulty in the case of the site and needs reviewing. The guests who decline requests due to inappropriate customer profiles are penalised by way of low rankings on the site. It also has a very dysfunctional customer service that failed to address the customer issues. On the site’s portal there are various complaints from the customers who have faced difficulty regarding registering their house and also from guests who had repeatedly found their bookings cancelled without any proper justification. The guests have tried to contact the customer care service

Child Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Child Development - Essay Example The book covers the general theories that explain include development process outlined in relation to the age of a child, the aspects that one has to look closely in child’s development process, the main problems that may be hinder a child’s development, and the required environment to ensure healthy child development process. The booklet will be a worthy companion for all beginners in childcare or child development studies. 2.0 Major Child Development Theories 2.1 Piaget Cognitive Development Theory Jean Piaget was a Swiss theorist who died in 1984. Piaget believed that children’s thinking pass through four systematic separate stages with qualitative changes in each stage (Shaffer & Kipp 2010, 294). According to Piaget a stimulating environment and maturation are the most important aspect in this stage. As the child begins to explore and make connections with the physical world many changes occur in the baby and start to acquire skills and knowledge about their environment. Below are the various stages of a child’s development according to Piaget theory as explained by Shaffer & Kipp (2010, 294). Sensory period (0- 2 years). The child attains significant gains in its thinking as they progress. Children at this stage mostly use motor and physical skills and senses in exploring their worlds, to enhance cognitive development. Pre operation stage 2 to 7 years. Children become less reliant on senses and physical exploration. They become illogical thinkers and have inability to conserve their memory. Concrete Operations 7 to 12 years. Children in this stage develop more elaborate logical thinking, but still need concrete materials to reach a logical conclusion. This explains that children will require blocks while solving math problems. Formal operation (12 years... This report stresses that child development theories explain that a child’s development has to be holistic, which calls for attention in all aspects of a child’s growth and development. A child has to develop mentally, intellectually, emotionally, cognitively, spiritually, physically, and any other attributes that make them whole and healthy. The family setting and the society are the single most important schools for children. The author of the paper declares that the child struggles to put in place their thoughts, they achieve better learning and development and develop increased confidence levels compared to those supported by their instructors. Piaget in his child development theory illustrates factors that have to be observed in ensuring a holistic child development. This paper makes a conclusion that Children learn first from their parents and the pope around them before interacting with the outer worlds, implying their future life depends on their immediate family and the concepts learned. To ensure an effective learning process, there is need to put in place effective measurement approaches that would portray the progress of a child in their holistic development at home and at school. This would indicate the learning progress of each child and help in identifying children requiring special attention. Therefore, a child’s learning process is essential in impacting the required skills, morals, values and qualities that guarantee a better life in future.

Domestic markets Essay Example for Free

Domestic markets Essay Theoretically, opening up domestic markets to international trade would increase the level of competitiveness in the market place, making businesses find better ways of producing goods more efficiently (at a lower cost). This is because trade encourages greater specialisation, which dramatically lowers costs and more intense competition, which is central to innovation. The graph below shows the correlation of trade and chinas economic growth. As you can see there is a positive correlation between trade and GDP, suggesting that trade is an important factor for the economic growth in China. However, Chinas trade surplus (the value of exports net of imports) is a better measure of the contribution of international trade to the economy. Since 1990, the trade surplus has averaged about 2 to 3% of GDP, exports have grown faster than imports and China has had trade surpluses in all but 1 year from 1990 to 2003. The trade surplus peaked at 4. 5% in 1997-98. Chinas trade surplus of $25 billion amounted to 1. 8% of GDP in 2003. Chinas trade liberalisation has created an attractive business environment and therefore has had a significant impact on FDI inflows. Foreign Direct Investment is usually imported in a country by multi-national companies seeking to take advantage of particular laws (such as cheaper land value, cheaper taxes etc ) to reduce the cost of production and to gain a competitive edge over rival companies. Similarly with international trade, an increase in FDI would increase a countrys GDP, because FDI brings in valuable funds which can be used to increase industrial output, create new job opportunities and sometimes, technology transfer which could increase innovation. However, the already lack of investment, coupled with an uncertain political climate and other unfavorable factors, at first severely hindered Chinese attempts to attract FDI. In the graph below11, you can see that in 1980, the flow of FDI into China totaled less than $200 million. In 1997, however, the flow of FDI exceeded $44. 9 billion, more than 225 times larger than the flow in 1980. Beginning in 2000, investment surged again through a combination of massive government infrastructure spending and investment in manufacturing facilities by both foreign and domestic investors. Preparations to host the 2008 Olympic Games contributed to a further frenzy of construction projects. Chinas late-2002 accession to the World Trade Organization spurred many companies, both domestic and multinational, to invest in China in anticipation of greater market opportunities (appex. 2) During this time, China was the largest recipient of FDI among developing countries, and the second largest in the world. Several factors have contributed to the increase in FDI inflows. China liberalised its FDI regime concurrently with the implementation of its economic reform and open doors policies in the late 1970s and especially since the early 1990s (Appex. 3). Implementing a series of laws and regulations governing FDI, China has substantially reduced investment barriers and improved its investment environment by opening more regions and economic sectors to foreign investors. In addition to such policies, it has the worlds largest population providing an abundance of cheap labour (Appex. 4) and a potentially huge market. Recognising the potential since the early 1980s, countries in the region such as Hong Kong and the Asian Tiger economies have become important capital suppliers. To understand Chinas rapid expansion in foreign trade, it is important to acknowledge how vital Multi-Nationals companies (MNCs) have been to its export growth. It should be noticed that Chinas opening to foreign investment occurred simultaneously with an opening to foreign trade. Even without large inflows of FDI, export capacity might still have expanded but perhaps at a less rapid pace. However, unlike Chinas trade values, FDI had seen a small decline in the years 1999 and 2000. When you combine both FDI inflows with GDP in China over the last 10 years, you can see that even if FDI decreases or remains level, economic growth via GDP still increase, suggesting that FDI is not as important to economic growth as trade. It is also important to note that Chinas FDI performance must be viewed in an international perspective. In terms of FDI inflows per capita, China ranks lower than all OECD countries save for one, and even ranks relatively low among developing countries12. Much of Chinas FDI is short-term, in labour intensive manufacturing, with foreign investment in high-tech machinery and the services sectors lagging behind, Though investment in processing and assembling declined 10%, the manufacturing sector garnered 70% of FDI from 2000-2005. Telecom, electronics, and chemicals also received significant shares of foreign investment. 13 China could be encouraging FDI in high technology based manufactures as a way to encourage domestically owned firms to move up the value-added chain. However, trade and investment liberalisation cannot by itself improve Chinas economic growth. Arguably much of Chinas rapid economic growth is due to changes in government policies that created a socialist market economy in which the private sector plays a key role. Enterprises either owned or controlled by government entities now account for less than 30% of industrial output. We must not forget that the domestic industry has also been a driver of Chinas phenomenal economic growth of the past 30 years. Industrial development has hastened since reform began in the late 1970s, growing at an annual rate of over 11% between 1978 and 2000 compared to an average GDP growth rate of 9.6% during this period, as you can see from the graph on the next page. Chinas GDP growth and industrial growth rates14 The importance of industrial output in the Chinese economy has increased over time, from 21% of GDP in 1952 to 51% at present. Changes in the composition of Chinas GDP, 1952-200215 Government polices provided several short-term burst of productivity within the industry, in 1980 when China began the renovation from a centrally planned to a more market based economy, industrial output rose 16. 5% from 1981-1985. Before any Government reforms, growth rate of GDP was 5.3%, but post-reforms saw the growth rate increase to 9. 7% (Appex. 5) Economists such as Wayne Morrison and Mathew Shane have concluded that productivity gains (i. e. increases in efficiency) were another major factor in Chinas rapid economic growth. The improvements to productivity were caused largely by a reallocation of resources to more productive uses, especially in sectors that were formerly heavily controlled by the central government, such as agriculture, trade, and services. For example, agricultural reforms boosted production16, freeing workers to pursue employment in the more productive manufacturing sector. Productivity can be increased by using factors of production more efficiently, by improving the quality of the basic factors of production, for example, increasing the skill or education of labor. Consumption spending contributed too much of Chinas early growth following economic reforms in the early 1980s. The aggregate demand and supply diagram below shows the level of output at any given level of aggregate demand. As consumption was increasing in China from 1878 to 1882, this would lead the aggregate demand line to shift to the right, where the economy is approaching full capacity output. The increase in demand induces businesses to take more employment and increase output. However, inflation will occur as costs will rise and then prices, as businesses try to pass the costs on to consumers. However, over time, the role of consumption has declined and the contribution of investment has generally risen. Since 1978, gross capital formation (investment) accounted for an average of 37% of GDP, while the share due to consumption expenditures averaged 62%. Consumptions contribution to GDP peaked at about two-thirds in the early 1980s and fell to 55% in 2003. By comparison, consumption accounts for 70% of GDP in the United States. Chinas substantial consumption contributing to growth of GDP17 This lower rate of consumption has made way for the impressive level of domestic savings to increase in China, which has helped stimulate economic growth. When reforms were initiated in 1979, domestic savings as a percentage of GDP stood at 32%. However, most Chinese savings during this period were generated by the profits of state-owned enterprises, which were used by the central government for domestic investment. Economic reforms however, led to substantial growth in Chinese household savings. As a result, savings as a percentage of GDP has steadily risen; it reached 49% in 2003, among the highest savings rates in the world. 18 Chinas rise as an economic superpower is likely to pose both opportunities and challenges for the world trading system. Chinas rapid economic growth has boosted incomes and is making China a huge market for a variety of goods and services. In addition, Chinas abundant low-cost labor has led multinational corporations to shift their export-oriented, labor-intensive manufacturing facilities to China. This process has lowered prices for consumers, boosting their purchasing power. It has also lowered costs for firms that import and use Chinese-made components and parts to produce manufactured goods, boosting their competitiveness. Conversely, Chinas role as a major international manufacturer has raised a number of concerns. Many developing countries worry that growing FDI in China is coming at the expense of FDI in their country. Policymakers in both developing and developed countries have expressed concern over the loss of domestic manufacturing jobs that have shifted to China. Conclusion Throughout my investigation I have demonstrated the importance of trade liberalisation and Foreign Direct Investment to Chinas record breaking economic growth. It is however, very hard to put an exact figure to show the extent of how beneficial trade and FDI have been to Chinas economic growth, but undeniably they have all been part of a cycle, each factor helping stimulate economic growth in certain ways. I do believe that to an extent trade liberalisation and FDI are interdependent on each other, the opening up of markets to free trade has spurred more FDI than it would have if it had not liberalised. Nevertheless, trade liberalisation and FDI cannot by itself improve Chinas overall economic growth. The benefits of trade liberalisation and FDI to particular sectors of the industry will rely not only on their theoretical comparative advantage but also upon their ability to restructure and upgrade operations through technological improvements to take advantage of market opportunities. All factors including industrial output, increased productivity and efficiently within the industry, high level of consumer saving, early consumption and Government policies have all had an impact on the outcome of economic growth. China has the potential to continue its rapid growth in the foreseeable future. The factors that have propelled growth over the past 30 years are still in place. Chinas economy is still a long way from mature status where growth rates tail off. If the Chinese Government wishes to keep their economic growth at such a high rate, they must face challenges such as exchange rates, structural imbalances and a troubled banking system, in order for them to continue to grow As long as China maintains an open attitude toward foreign investment and invests heavily in infrastructure and other capital, it will continue to grow rapidly.

The ‘Glutamate Theory’ of the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia Essay

Introduction: There is immense study on the role of glutamate in Schizophrenia. Even so to date the current antipsychotics do not control major glutamatergic action albeit a study at the NMDA receptor location such as the glycine transport inhibitors may give new novel evidence for the discovery of future antipsychotics (Olney et al., 1999) The Dopamine hypothesis of Schizophrenia The dopamine (DA) theory of schizophrenia has subjugated the effort to justify the behaviours Schizophrenia is a psychiatric bedlam relating to the messing up of routine thinking, sentiment and every day activities. Egan & Weinberger (1979) described schizophrenia as when a subject or an individual is unable to differentiate what is genuine and unreal. The clinical characteristics of the various disarray of schizophrenia commonly come into view in the late adolescence or the early adulthood. Schizophrenia can exhibit either positive or negative or both signs. Whereas the positive sign is characterised by paranoia, false principles or hallucination, the negative aspect is marked by depression, withdrawal from communal connections. But pleasing of social responses shortfall in attention and memory are ascribed to cognitive effect. Generally, schizophrenia is considered to be neurodevelopment unrest rather than neurogenerative disorder (Harrison et al., 2003). There are several divi sions in the brain that can be affected by schizophrenia. The atypical function of the basal ganglia is considered to play a role in paranoia and hallucination. The frontal lobe of the brain plays a role in problem solving and reasoning. Conversely a schizophrenic will have a deficiency in the lobe and as result, having difficulty in forecast and coordinating. Adjustment... ...ts. Neuroscience, 90(3), 823-32. Kim,J.S.,Kornhuber,H.H.,Schmid-Burgk,W.,Hlozmuller,B.(1980) Low cerebrospinal fluid glutamate in schizophrenic patients and a new hypothesis on schizophrenia. Neuorocience Letters 20:379-382 Kotter, H. (1994) Postsynaptic integration of gluamatergic and dopamine signals in the striatum. Progression in Neurobiology. 44:163-196 Olney, J. W., Newcomer, J. W., & Farber, B. B. (1999). NMDA receptor hypofunction model of schizophrenia. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 33: 523-533. Stanley, J. A., Williamson, P. C., Drost, D. J., Carr, T. J., Rylett, R. J., Malla, A., Thompson R. T. (1996). An in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of schizophrenia patiens. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 22(4), 597-609. Weinberger, D.A (1993) Connection approach to the prefrontal cortex. Journal of Neuropsychiatry. 5:241-253

Organizational Behavior Exam Notes Essay

What role did the â€Å"Open Work† environment play in the case? Analyze the issues using Chapter 3’s cross-cultural dimensions from the Globe and Hofstede studies, differences in high versus low context cultures, etc. How do you develop a global mindset for this team? What role did diversity play on this team (ch. 3 and 4)? What should James do in the short and long-term? Relate this case to your co-op or study abroad experience. In the News: Lenovo Diversity In the News Social Perception Happiness & Individual Differences In the News: Google Motivation Needs Job Performance In the News: Whole Foods Case #2 Coach K: A matter of the heart Pretend you are Coach K, what would you say at the press conference? Prepare to give that speech. What is Coach K’s personality profile? What are Coach K’s basic assumptions about motivation, leading and human nature? Think of a time when someone else (e.g., your co-op manger, your parents/teachers/professors) motivated you to do your best, why were they effective or ineffective? What outcomes should we care about? What are the criteria we should use to evaluate effectiveness? Can we apply the criteria

Statistics Chapter 12 Solutions

CHAPTER 12: TESTS FOR TWO OR MORE SAMPLES WITH CATEGORICAL DATA 1. When testing for independence in a contingency table with 3 rows and 4 columns, there are ________ degrees of freedom. a) 5 b) 6 c) 7 d) 12 ANSWER: b TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, degrees of freedom 2. If we use the [pic] method of analysis to test for the differences among 4 proportions, the degrees of freedom are equal to: a) 3. b) 4. c) 5. d) 1. ANSWER: a TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, degrees of freedom . If we wish to determine whether there is evidence that the proportion of successes is higher in group 1 than in group 2, the appropriate test to use is a) the Z test. b) the [pic]test. c) both of the above d) none of the above ANSWER: a TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions 4. If we wish to determine whether there is evidence that the proportion of successes is the same in group 1 as in group 2, the appropriate test to use is a) the Z test. b) the [pic]test. c) both of the above d) none of the above ANSWER: TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions 5. In testing a hypothesis using the [pic] test, the theoretical frequencies are based on the a) null hypothesis. b) alternative hypothesis. c) normal distribution. d) none of the above. ANSWER: a TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, properties TABLE 12-1 A study published in the American Journal of Public Health was conducted to determine whether the use of seat belts in motor vehicles depends on ethnic status in San Diego County.A sample of 792 children treated for injuries sustained from motor vehicle accidents was obtained, and each child was classified according to (1) ethnic status (Hispanic or non-Hispanic) and (2) seat belt usage (worn or not worn) during the accident. The number of children in each category is given in t he table below. | |Hispanic |Non-Hispanic | |Seat belts worn |31 |148 | |Seat belts not worn |283 |330 | . Referring to Table 12-1, which test would be used to properly analyze the data in this experiment? a) test for independence. b) test for difference between proportions. c) ANOVA F test for interaction in a 2 x 2 factorial design. d) test for goodness of fit. ANSWER: a TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence 7. Referring to Table 12-1, the calculated test statistic is a) -0. 9991. b) -0. 1368. c) 48. 1849. d) 72. 8063. ANSWER: c TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, test statistic 8.Referring to Table 12-1, at 5% level of significance, the critical value of the test statistic is a) 3. 8415. b) 5. 9914. c) 9. 4877. d) 13. 2767. ANSWER: a TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, critical value 9. Referring to Table 12-1, at 5% level of significance, there is sufficient evidence to conclude t hat the a) use of seat belts in motor vehicles is related to ethnic status in San Diego County. b) use of seat belts in motor vehicles depends on ethnic status in San Diego County. c) use of seat belts in motor vehicles is associated with ethnic status in San Diego County. ) all of the above ANSWER: d TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, decision, conclusion TABLE 12-2 Many companies use well-known celebrities as spokespersons in their TV advertisements. A study was conducted to determine whether brand awareness of female TV viewers and the gender of the spokesperson are independent. Each in a sample of 300 female TV viewers was asked to identify a product advertised by a celebrity spokesperson. The gender of the spokesperson and whether or not the viewer could identify the product was recorded. The numbers in each category are given below. |Male Celebrity |Female Celebrity | |Identified product |41 |61 | |Could not identify |109 |89 | 10. Referri ng to Table 12-2, which test would be used to properly analyze the data in this experiment? a) test for independence. b) test for difference between proportions. c) ANOVA F test for main treatment effect. d) test for goodness of fit. ANSWER: a TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: ModerateKEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence 11. Referring to Table 12-2, the calculated test statistic is a) -0. 1006. b) 0. 00. c) 5. 9418. d) 6. 1194. ANSWER: c TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, test statistic 12. Referring to Table 12-2, at 5% level of significance, the critical value of the test statistic is a) 3. 8415. b) 5. 9914. c) 9. 4877. d) 13. 2767. ANSWER: a TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, critical value 13. Referring to Table 12-2, the degrees of freedom of the test statistic are a) 1. b) 2. c) 4. ) 299. ANSWER: a TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, degrees of freedom 14. Referring to Table 12-2, at 5 % level of significance, the conclusion is that a) brand awareness of female TV viewers and the gender of the spokesperson are independent. b) brand awareness of female TV viewers and the gender of the spokesperson are not independent. c) brand awareness of female TV viewers and the gender of the spokesperson are related. d) both (b) and (c) ANSWER: d TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, decision, conclusion TABLE 12-3A computer used by a 24-hour banking service is supposed to randomly assign each transaction to one of 5 memory locations. A check at the end of a day’s transactions gave the counts shown in the table to each of the 5 memory locations, along with the number of reported errors. |Memory Location: |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |Number of Transactions: |82 |100 |74 |92 |102 | |Number of Reported Errors: |11 |12 |6 |9 |10 |The bank manager wanted to test whether the proportion of errors in transactions assigned to each of the 5 memory locations differ. 15. Referring to Table 12-3, which test would be used to properly analyze the data in this experiment? a) test for independence b) test for difference between proportions c) ANOVA F test for main treatment effect d) test for goodness of fit ANSWER: b TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions 16. Referring to Table 12-3, the degrees of freedom of the test statistic is a) 4. b) 8. c) 10. d) 448. ANSWER: a TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: EasyKEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, degrees of freedom 17. Referring to Table 12-3, the critical value of the test statistic at 1% level of significance is a) 7. 7794. b) 13. 2767. c) 20. 0902. d) 23. 2093. ANSWER: b TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, critical value 18. Referring to Table 12-3, the calculated value of the test statistic is a) -0. 1777. b) -0. 0185. c) 1. 4999. d) 1. 5190. ANSWER: c TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: c hi-square test for difference in proportions, test statistic 19. Referring to Table 12-3, at 1% level of significance ) there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the proportions of errors in transactions assigned to each of the 5 memory locations are all different. b) there is insufficient evidence to conclude that the proportions of errors in transactions assigned to each of the 5 memory locations are all different. c) there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the proportion of errors in transactions assigned to each of the 5 memory locations are not all the same. d) there is insufficient evidence to conclude that the proportion of errors in transactions assigned to each of the 5 memory locations are not all the same.ANSWER: d TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, decision, conclusion 20. Moving companies are required by the government to publish a Carrier Performance Report each year. One of the descriptive statistics they m ust include is the annual percentage of shipments on which a $50 or greater claim for loss or damage was filed. Suppose two companies, Econo-Move and On-the-Move, each decide to estimate this figure by sampling their records, and they report the data shown in the following table. |Econo-Move |On-the-Move | |Total shipments sampled |900 |750 | |Number of shipments with a claim [pic] $50 |162 |60 | The owner of On-the-Move is hoping to use these data to show that the company is superior to Econo-Move with regard to the percentage of claims filed. Which test would be used to properly analyze the data in this experiment? a) test for independence b) test for goodness of fit ) ANOVA F test for main treatment effect d) test for the difference between proportions ANSWER: d TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: Z test for difference in two proportions 21. The Wall Street Journal recently ran an article indicating differences in the perception of sexual harassment on the job between men and women. The article claimed that women perceived the problem to be much more prevalent than did men. One question asked to both men and women was: â€Å"Do you think sexual harassment is a major problem in the American workplace? † Some 24% of the men, compared to 62% of the women, responded â€Å"Yes. Assuming W designates women’s responses and M designates men’s, what hypothesis should The Wall Street Journal test in order to show that its claim is true? a) H0: pW – pM [pic] 0 versus H1: pW – pM < 0 b) H0: pW – pM [pic] 0 versus H1: pW – pM > 0 c) H0: pW – pM = 0 versus H1: pW – pM [pic] 0 d) H0: (W – (M [pic] 0 versus H1: (W – (M > 0 ANSWER: b TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: Z test for difference in two proportions, form of hypothesis 22. The Wall Street Journal recently ran an article indicating differences in perception of sexual harassment on the job between men and women.The article claimed that women perceived the problem to be much more prevalent than did men. One question asked to both men and women was: â€Å"Do you think sexual harassment is a major problem in the American workplace? † Some 24% of the men, compared to 62% of the women, responded â€Å"Yes. † Suppose that 150 women and 200 men were interviewed. For a 0. 01 level of significance, what is the critical value for the rejection region? a) 7. 173 b) 7. 106 c) 6. 635 d) 2. 33 ANSWER: d TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: Z test for difference in two proportions, critical value 23.The Wall Street Journal recently ran an article indicating differences in perception of sexual harassment on the job between men and women. The article claimed that women perceived the problem to be much more prevalent than did men. One question asked to both men and women was: â€Å"Do you think sexual harassment is a major problem in the American workplace? † Some 24% of the men, compared to 62% of the wome n, responded â€Å"Yes. † Suppose that 150 women and 200 men were interviewed. What is the value of the test statistic? a) 7. 173 b) 7. 106 c) 6. 635 d) 2. 33 ANSWER: a TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: ModerateKEYWORDS: Z test for difference in two proportions, test statistic 24. The Wall Street Journal recently ran an article indicating differences in perception of sexual harassment on the job between men and women. The article claimed that women perceived the problem to be much more prevalent than did men. One question asked to both men and women was: â€Å"Do you think sexual harassment is a major problem in the American workplace? † Some 24% of the men, compared to 62% of the women, responded â€Å"Yes. † Suppose that 150 women and 200 men were interviewed. What conclusion should be reached? a) Using a 0. 1 level of significance, there is sufficient evidence to conclude that women perceive the problem of sexual harassment on the job as being much more prevalent than do men. b) There is insufficient evidence to conclude with at least 99% confidence that women perceive the problem of sexual harassment on the job as being much more prevalent than do men. c) There is no evidence of a significant difference between the men and women in their perception. d) More information is needed to draw any conclusions from the data set. ANSWER: a TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: Z test for difference in two proportions, decision, conclusion 5. A powerful women’s group has claimed that men and women differ in attitudes about sexual discrimination. A group of 50 men (group 1) and 40 women (group 2) were asked if they thought sexual discrimination is a problem in the United States. Of those sampled, 11 of the men and 19 of the women did believe that sexual discrimination is a problem. Which of the following are the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses to test the group’s claim? a) H0: pW – pM [pic] 0 versus H1: pW – pM < 0 b) H0: pW – pM [pic] 0 versus H1: pW – pM > 0 c) H0: pW – pM = 0 versus H1: pW – pM [pic] 0 ) H0: (W – (M [pic] 0 versus H1: (W – (M > 0 ANSWER: c TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: Z test for difference in two proportions, form of hypothesis 26. A powerful women’s group has claimed that men and women differ in attitudes about sexual discrimination. A group of 50 men (group 1) and 40 women (group 2) were asked if they thought sexual discrimination is a problem in the United States. Of those sampled, 11 of the men and 19 of the women did believe that sexual discrimination is a problem. Find the value of the test statistic. a) Z = – 2. 55 b) Z = – 0. 85 c) Z = – 1. 05 d) Z = – 1. 20ANSWER: a TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: Z test for difference in two proportions, test statistic 27. A powerful women’s group has claimed that men and women differ in attitudes about sexual discrimination. A gro up of 50 men (group 1) and 40 women (group 2) were asked if they thought sexual discrimination is a problem in the United States. Of those sampled, 11 of the men and 19 of the women did believe that sexual discrimination is a problem. If the p value turns out to be 0. 035 (which is NOT the real value in this data set), then a) at [pic] = 0. 05, we should fail to reject H0. ) at [pic] = 0. 04, we should reject H0. c) at [pic] = 0. 03, we should reject H0. d) None of the above would be correct statements. ANSWER: b TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: Z test for difference in two proportions, decision, conclusion TABLE 12-4 A few years ago, Pepsi invited consumers to take the â€Å"Pepsi Challenge. † Consumers were asked to decide which of two sodas, Coke or Pepsi, they preferred in a blind taste test. Pepsi was interested in determining what factors played a role in people’s taste preferences. One of the factors studied was the gender of the consumer.Below are the re sults of analyses comparing the taste preferences of men and women, with the proportions depicting preference for Pepsi. Males: n = 109, pSM = 0. 422018Females: n = 52, pSF = 0. 25 pSM – pSF = 0. 172018Z = 2. 11825 28. Referring to Table 12-4, to determine if a difference exists in the taste preferences of men and women, give the correct alternative hypothesis that Pepsi would test. a) H1: [pic] b) H1: [pic] c) H1: pM – pF [pic] 0 d) H1: pM – pF = 0 ANSWER: c TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: Z test for difference in two proportions, form of hypothesis 29.Referring to Table 12-4, suppose Pepsi wanted to test to determine if the males preferred Pepsi more than the females. Using the test statistic given, compute the appropriate p-value for the test. a) 0. 0171 b) 0. 0340 c) 0. 2119 d) 0. 4681 ANSWER: a TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: Z test for difference in two proportions, p-value 30. Referring to Table 12-4, suppose Pepsi wanted to test to determine if the males preferred Pepsi less than the females. Using the test statistic given, compute the appropriate p-value for the test. a) 0. 0170 b) 0. 0340 c) 0. 9660 d) 0. 9830 ANSWER: d TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: ModerateKEYWORDS: Z test for difference in two proportions, p-value 31. Referring to Table 12-4, suppose that the two-tailed p-value was really 0. 0734. State the proper conclusion. a) At [pic] = 0. 05, there is sufficient evidence to indicate the proportion of males preferring Pepsi differs from the proportion of females preferring Pepsi. b) At [pic] = 0. 10, there is sufficient evidence to indicate the proportion of males preferring Pepsi differs from the proportion of females preferring Pepsi. c) At [pic] = 0. 05, there is sufficient evidence to indicate the proportion of males preferring Pepsi equals the proportion of females preferring Pepsi. ) At [pic] = 0. 08, there is insufficient evidence to indicate the proportion of males preferring Pepsi differs from the proportion of f emales preferring Pepsi. ANSWER: b TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: Z test for difference in two proportions, decision, conclusion TABLE 12-5 The following Excel output contains the results of a test to determine if the proportions of satisfied guests at two resorts are the same or different. |Hypothesized Difference |0 | |Level of Significance |0. 5 | |Group 1 | |Number of Successes |163 | |Sample Size |227 | |Group 2 | |Number of Successes |154 | |Sample Size |262 | |Group 1 Proportion |0. 18061674 | |Group 2 Proportion |0. 58778626 | |Difference in Two Proportions |0. 130275414 | |Average Proportion |0. 648261759 | |Test Statistic |3. 00875353 | |Two-Tailed Test | |Lower Critical Value |-1. 59961082 | |Upper Critical Value |1. 959961082 | |p-Value |0. 002623357 | 32. Referring to Table 12-5, allowing for 0. 75% probability of committing a Type I error, what are the decision and conclusion on testing whether there is any difference in the proportions of satisfied guest s in the two resorts? a.Do not reject the null hypothesis; there is enough evidence to conclude that there is significant difference in the proportions of satisfied guests at the two resorts. b. Do not reject the null hypothesis; there is not enough evidence to conclude that there is significant difference in the proportions of satisfied guests at the two resorts. c. Reject the null hypothesis; there is enough evidence to conclude that there is significant difference in the proportions of satisfied guests at the two resorts. d.Reject the null hypothesis; there is not enough evidence to conclude that there is significant difference in the proportions of satisfied guests at the two resorts. ANSWER: c TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: Z test for difference in two proportions, decision, conclusion 33. Referring to Table 12-5, if you want to test the claim that â€Å"Resort 1 (Group 1) has a higher proportion of satisfied guests than Resort 2 (Group 2),† the p-value of the test will be a) 0. 00262. b) 0. 00262/2. c) 2*(0. 00262). d) 1-(0. 00262/2). ANSWER: bTYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: Z test for difference in two proportions, p-value 34. Referring to Table 12-5, if you want to test the claim that â€Å"Resort 1 (Group 1) has a lower proportion of satisfied guests than Resort 2 (Group 2),† you will use a) a t test for the difference in two proportions. b) a Z test for the difference in two proportions. c) a [pic] test for the difference in two proportions. d) a [pic] test for independence. ANSWER: b TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: Z test for difference in two proportionsTABLE 12-6 One criterion used to evaluate employees in the assembly section of a large factory is the number of defective pieces per 1,000 parts produced. The quality control department wants to find out whether there is a relationship between years of experience and defect rate. Since the job is repetitious, after the initial training period, any improvement due t o a learning effect might be offset by a loss of motivation. A defect rate is calculated for each worker in a yearly evaluation. The results for 100 workers are given in the table below. | |Years Since Training Period | | | |< 1 Year |1 – 4 Years |5 – 9 Years | | |High |6 |9 |9 | |Defect Rate: |Average |9 |19 |23 | | |Low |7 |8 |10 | 5. Referring to Table 12-6, which test would be used to properly analyze the data in this experiment to determine whether there is a relationship between defect rate and years of experience? a) [pic]test for independence in a two-way contingency table b) [pic]test for equal proportions in a one-way table c) ANOVA F test for main treatment effect d) Z test for the difference in two proportions ANSWER: a TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence 36. Referring to Table 12-6, find the rejection region necessary for testing at the 0. 5 level of significance whether there is a relationship between defect rate and ye ars of experience. a) Reject H0 if [pic] > 16. 919. b) Reject H0 if [pic] > 15. 507. c) Reject H0 if [pic] > 11. 143. d) Reject H0 if [pic] > 9. 488. ANSWER: d TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, critical value 37. Referring to Table 12-6, what is the expected number of employees with less than 1 year of training time and a high defect rate? a) 4. 17 b) 4. 60 c) 5. 28 d) 9. 17 ANSWER: c TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, contingency table, properties 8. Referring to Table 12-6, what is the expected number of employees with 1 to 4 years of training time and a high defect rate? a) 12. 00 b) 8. 64 c) 6. 67 d) 6. 00 ANSWER: b TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, contingency table, properties 39. Referring to Table 12-6, of the cell for 1 to 4 years of training time and a high defect rate, what is the contribution to the overall [pic] statistic for the independence test? a) 0. 36 b) 0. 1296 c) 0. 015 d) 0. 0144 ANSWER: c TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, contingency table, properties 0. Referring to Table 12-6, a test was conducted to determine if a relationship exists between defect rate and years of experience. Which of the following p-values would indicate that defect rate and years of experience are dependent? Assume you are testing at [pic] = 0. 05. a) 0. 045 b) 0. 055 c) 0. 074 d) 0. 080 ANSWER: a TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, p-value, decision TABLE 12-7 A corporation randomly selects 150 salespeople and finds that 66% who have never taken a self-improvement course would like to take such a course.The firm did a similar study 10 years ago in which 60% of a random sample of 160 salespeople wanted to take a self-improvement course. The groups are assumed to be independent random samples. Let p1 and p2 represent the true proportion of workers who would like to attend a self-impro vement course in the recent study and the past study, respectively. 41. Referring to Table 12-7, if the firm wanted to test whether this proportion has changed from the previous study, which represents the relevant hypotheses? a) H0: p1 – p2 = 0 versus H1: p1 – p2 [pic] 0 b) H0: p1 – p2 [pic] 0 versus H1: p1 – p2 = 0 ) H0: p1 – p2 [pic] 0 versus H1: p1 – p2 > 0 d) H0: p1 – p2 [pic] 0 versus H1: p1 – p2 < 0 ANSWER: a TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, Z test for difference in two proportions 42. Referring to Table 12-7, if the firm wanted to test whether a greater proportion of workers would currently like to attend a self-improvement course than in the past, which represents the relevant hypotheses? a) H0: p1 – p2 = 0 versus H1: p1 – p2 [pic] 0 b) H0: p1 – p2 [pic] 0 versus H1: p1 – p2 = 0 c) H0: p1 – p2 [pic] 0 versus H1: p1 – p2 > 0 ) H0 : p1 – p2 [pic] 0 versus H1: p1 – p2 < 0 ANSWER: c TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: Z test for difference in two proportions, form of hypothesis 43. Referring to Table 12-7, what is the unbiased point estimate for the difference between the two population proportions? a) 0. 06 b) 0. 10 c) 0. 15 d) 0. 22 ANSWER: a TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: point estimate 44. Referring to Table 12-7, what is/are the critical value(s) when performing a Z test on whether population proportions are different if [pic] = 0. 05? a) [pic] 1. 645 b) [pic] 1. 96 c) -1. 96 d) [pic] 2. 8 ANSWER: b TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: Z test for difference in two proportions, critical value 45. Referring to Table 12-7, what is/are the critical value(s) when testing whether population proportions are different if [pic] = 0. 10? a) [pic] 1. 645 b) [pic] 1. 96 c) -1. 96 d) [pic] 2. 08 ANSWER: a TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: Z test for difference in two proportions, critical value 46. Referring to Table 12-7, what is/are the critical value(s) when testing whether the current population proportion is higher than before if [pic] = 0. 05? a) [pic]1. 645 b) + 1. 45 c) [pic]1. 96 d) + 1. 96 ANSWER: b TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, critical value 47. Referring to Table 12-7, what is the estimated standard error of the difference between the two sample proportions? a) 0. 629 b) 0. 500 c) 0. 055 d) 0 ANSWER: c TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: Z test for difference in two proportions, standard error 48. Referring to Table 12-7, what is the value of the test statistic to use in evaluating the alternative hypothesis that there is a difference in the two population proportions? ) 4. 335 b) 1. 96 c) 1. 093 d) 0 ANSWER: c TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: Z test for difference in two proportions, chi-square test for difference in proportions, test statistic 49. Referring to Table 12-7, the company tests at the 0. 05 level to determine whether the population proportion has changed from the previous study. Which of the following is most correct? a) Reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the proportion of employees who are interested in a self-improvement course has changed over the intervening 10 years. ) Do not reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the proportion of employees who are interested in a self-improvement course has not changed over the intervening 10 years. c) Reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the proportion of employees who are interested in a self-improvement course has increased over the intervening 10 years. d) Do not reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the proportion of employees who are interested in a self-improvement course has increased over the intervening 10 years. ANSWER: b TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: ModerateKEYWORDS: Z test for difference in two proportions, chi-square test for difference in proportions, decision, conclusion 50. True or Fal se: In testing the difference between two proportions, we may use either a one-tailed chi-square test or two-tailed Z test. ANSWER: True TYPE: TF DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: Z test for difference in two proportions, chi-square test for difference in proportions 51. True or False: The squared difference between the observed and theoretical frequencies should be large if there is no significant difference between the proportions.ANSWER: False TYPE: TF DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, properties 52. True or False: A test for the difference between two proportions can be performed using the chi-square distribution. ANSWER: True TYPE: TF DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions 53. True or False: A test for whether one proportion is higher than the other can be performed using the chi-square distribution. ANSWER: False TYPE: TF DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions 54.True or False: When using the [pic] tests for independence, one should be aware that expected frequencies that are too small will lead to too big a Type I error. ANSWER: True TYPE: TF DIFFICULTY: Difficult KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, properties, assumption 55. True or False: If we use the chi-square method of analysis to test for the difference between proportions, we must assume that there are at least 5 observed frequencies in each cell of the contingency table. ANSWER: False TYPE: TF DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, properties, assumption 6. If we wish to determine whether there is evidence that the proportion of successes is higher in Group 1 than in Group 2, and the test statistic for Z = +2. 07, the p-value is equal to ______. ANSWER: 0. 0192 TYPE: FI DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: Z test for difference in two proportions, p-value TABLE 12-8 The dean of a college is interested in the proportion of graduates from his college who have a job offer on graduation day. He is particularly interested in seeing if there is a difference in this proportion for accounting and economics majors.In a random sample of 100 of each type of major at graduation, he found that 65 accounting majors and 52 economics majors had job offers. If the accounting majors are designated as â€Å"Group 1† and the economics majors are designated as â€Å"Group 2,† perform the appropriate hypothesis test using a level of significance of 0. 05. 57. Referring to Table 12-8, the hypotheses the dean should use are: a) H0: p1 – p2 = 0 versus H1: p1 – p2 [pic] 0. b) H0: p1 – p2 [pic] 0 versus H1: p1 – p2 = 0. c) H0: p1 – p2 [pic] 0 versus H1: p1 – p2 > 0. d) H0: p1 – p2 [pic] 0 versus H1: p1 – p2 < 0.ANSWER: a TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, Z test for difference in two proportions, form of hypothesis 58. Referring to Table 12-8, the null hypot hesis will be rejected if the test statistic is ________. ANSWER: Z > 1. 96 or < -1. 96 or [pic] > 3. 841 TYPE: FI DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, Z test for difference in two proportions, critical value 59. Referring to Table 12-8, the value of the test statistic is ________. ANSWER: Z = 1. 866 or [pic] = 3. 4806 TYPE: FI DIFFICULTY: ModerateKEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, Z test for difference in two proportions, test statistic 60. Referring to Table 12-8, the p-value of the test is ________. ANSWER: 0. 0621 TYPE: FI DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, Z test for difference in two proportions, p-value 61. True or False: Referring to Table 12-8, the null hypothesis should be rejected. ANSWER: False TYPE: TF DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, Z test for difference in two proportions, decision 62.True or False: Referring to Table 12-8, th e same decision would be made with this test if the level of significance had been 0. 01 rather than 0. 05. ANSWER: True TYPE: TF DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, Z test for difference in two proportions, decision 63. True or False: Referring to Table 12-8, the same decision would be made with this test if the level of significance had been 0. 10 rather than 0. 05. ANSWER: False TYPE: TF DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, Z test for difference in two proportions, decision TABLE 12-9A quality control engineer is in charge of the manufacture of computer disks. Two different processes can be used to manufacture the disks. He suspects that the Kohler method produces a greater proportion of defects than the Russell method. He samples 150 of the Kohler and 200 of the Russell disks and finds that 27 and 18 of them, respectively, are defective. If Kohler is designated as â€Å"Group 1† and Russell is designated as â€Å"Group 2,† perform the appropriate test at a level of significance of 0. 01. 64. Referring to Table 12-9, the hypotheses that should be tested are: a) H0: p1 – p2 = 0 versus H1: p1 – p2 [pic] 0. ) H0: p1 – p2 [pic] 0 versus H1: p1 – p2 = 0. c) H0: p1 – p2 [pic] 0 versus H1: p1 – p2 > 0. d) H0: p1 – p2 [pic] 0 versus H1: p1 – p2 < 0. ANSWER: c TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: Z test for difference in two proportions, form of hypothesis 65. Referring to Table 12-9, the null hypothesis will be rejected if the test statistic is ________. ANSWER: Z > 2. 33 TYPE: FI DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: Z test for difference in two proportions, critical value 66. Referring to Table 12-9, the value of the test statistic is ________. ANSWER: 2. 49 TYPE: FI DIFFICULTY: ModerateKEYWORDS: Z test for difference in two proportions, test statistic 67. Referring to Table 12-9, the p-value of the test is ________. ANSWER: 0. 0064 TYPE: FI DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: Z test for difference in two proportions, p-value 68. True or False: Referring to Table 12-9, the null hypothesis should be rejected. ANSWER: True TYPE: TF DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: Z test for difference in two proportions, decision 69. True or False: Referring to Table 12-9, the same decision would be made with this test if the level of significance had been 0. 05 rather than 0. 01. ANSWER: True TYPE: TF DIFFICULTY: ModerateKEYWORDS: Z test for difference in two proportions, decision 70. True or False: Referring to Table 12-9, the same decision would be made if this had been a two-tailed test at a level of significance of 0. 01. ANSWER: False TYPE: TF DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: Z test for difference in two proportions, decision TABLE 12-10 The director of transportation of a large company is interested in the usage of her van pool. She considers her routes to be divided into local and non-local. She is particularly intereste d in learning if there is a difference in the proportion of males and females who use the local routes.She takes a sample of a day's riders and finds the following: | |Male |Female |Total | |Local |27 |44 |71 | |Non-Local |33 |25 |58 | |Total |60 |69 |129 | She will use this information to perform a chi-square hypothesis test using a level of significance of 0. 05. 71. Referring to Table 12-10, the test will involve _________ degree(s) of freedom. ANSWER: 1TYPE: FI DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, degrees of freedom 72. Referring to Table 12-10, the overall or average proportion of local riders is __________. ANSWER: 0. 550 TYPE: FI DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, properties 73. Referring to Table 12-10, the expected cell frequency in the Male/Local cell is __________. ANSWER: 33. 02 TYPE: FI DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, contingency table, properties 74 . Referring to Table 12-10, the expected cell frequency in the Female/Non-Local cell is __________.ANSWER: 31. 02 TYPE: FI DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, contingency table, properties 75. Referring to Table 12-10, the critical value of the test is _________. ANSWER: 3. 841 TYPE: FI DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, critical value 76. Referring to Table 12-10, the value of the test statistic is _________. ANSWER: 4. 568 TYPE: FI DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, test statistic 77. True or False: Referring to Table 12-10, the null hypothesis will be rejected.ANSWER: True TYPE: TF DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, decision 78. True or False: Referring to Table 12-10, the decision made suggests that there is a difference between the proportion of males and females who ride local versus non-local routes. ANSWER: Tru e TYPE: TF DIFFICULTY: Median KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, conclusion TABLE 12-11 Four surgical procedures are currently used to install pacemakers. If the patient does not need to return for follow-up surgery, the operation is called a â€Å"clear† operation.A heart center wants to compare the proportion of clear operations for the 4 procedures, and collects the following numbers of patients from their own records: | |Procedure | | | |A |B |C |D |Total | |Clear |27 |41 |21 |7 |96 | |Return |11 |15 |9 |11 |46 | |Total |38 |56 |30 |18 |142 They will use this information to test for a difference among the proportion of clear operations using a chi-square test with a level of significance of 0. 05. 79. Referring to Table 12-11, the test will involve _________ degrees of freedom. ANSWER: 3 TYPE: FI DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, degrees of freedom 80. Referring to Table 12-11, the overall or average proportion of clear operations is __________. ANSWER: 0. 676 TYPE: FI DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, properties 81.Referring to Table 12-11, the expected cell frequency for the Procedure A/Clear cell is __________. ANSWER: 25. 69 TYPE: FI DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, contingency table, properties 82. Referring to Table 12-11, the expected cell frequency for the Procedure D/Return cell is __________. ANSWER: 5. 83 TYPE: FI DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, contingency table, properties 83. Referring to Table 12-11, the critical value of the test is ________. ANSWER: 7. 815 TYPE: FI DIFFICULTY: EasyKEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, critical value 84. Referring to Table 12-11, the value of the test statistic is _________. ANSWER: 7. 867 TYPE: FI DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, test statistic 85 . True or False: Referring to Table 12-11, the null hypothesis will be rejected. ANSWER: True TYPE: TF DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, decision 86. True or False: Referring to Table 12-11, the decision made suggests that the 4 procedures all have different proportions of clear operations.ANSWER: False TYPE: TF DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, conclusion 87. True or False: Referring to Table 12-11, the decision made suggests that the 4 procedures do not all have the same proportion of clear operations. ANSWER: True TYPE: TF DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, conclusion TABLE 12-12 The director of admissions at a state college is interested in seeing if admissions status (admitted, waiting list, denied admission) at his college is independent of the type of community in which an applicant resides.He takes a sample of recent admissions decisions and form s the following table: | |Admitted |Wait List |Denied |Total | |Urban |45 |21 |17 |83 | |Rural |33 |13 |24 |70 | |Suburban |34 |12 |39 |85 | |Total |112 |46 |80 |238 |He will use this table to do a chi-square test of independence with a level of significance of 0. 01. 88. Referring to Table 12-12, the test will involve _________ degrees of freedom. ANSWER: 4 TYPE: FI DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, degrees of freedom 89. Referring to Table 12-12, the critical value of the test is _________. ANSWER: 13. 277 TYPE: FI DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, critical value 90. Referring to Table 12-12, the expected cell frequency for the Admitted/Urban cell is _________. ANSWER: 39. 06TYPE: FI DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, contingency table, properties 91. Referring to Table 12-12, the value of the test statistic is _________. ANSWER: 12. 624 TYPE: FI DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test of indep endence, test statistic 92. True or False: Referring to Table 12-12, the null hypothesis will be rejected. ANSWER: False TYPE: TF DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, decision 93. True or False: Referring to Table 12-12, the p-value of this test is greater than 0. 01. ANSWER: TrueTYPE: TF DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, p-value 94. True or False: Referring to Table 12-12, the decision made suggests that admissions status at the college is independent of the type of community in which an applicant resides. ANSWER: True TYPE: TF DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, conclusion 95. True or False: Referring to Table 12-12, the same decision would be made with this test if the level of significance had been 0. 005. ANSWER: True TYPE: TF DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, decision 6. True or False: Referring to Table 12-12, the same decision would be made with this test if the level o f significance had been 0. 05. ANSWER: False TYPE: TF DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, decision 97. True or False: Referring to Table 12-12, the null hypothesis claims that â€Å"there is no association between admission status at the college and the type of community in which an applicant resides. † ANSWER: True TYPE: TF DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, form of hypothesis, conclusion 98.True or False: Referring to Table 12-12, the alternative hypothesis claims that â€Å"there is some connection between admission status at the college and the type of community in which an applicant resides. † ANSWER: True TYPE: TF DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, form of hypothesis, conclusion 99. True or False: The chi-square test of independence requires that the number of expected frequency in each cell to be at least 5. ANSWER: False TYPE: TF DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, assumption 100.True or False: The chi-square test of independence requires that the number of expected frequency in each cell to be at least 1. ANSWER: True TYPE: TF DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, assumption TABLE 12-13 Parents complain that children read too few story books and watch too much television nowadays. A survey of 1,000 children reveals the following information on average time spent watching TV and average time spent reading story books: | |Average time spent reading story books | |Average time pent watching TV |Less than 1 hour |Between 1 and 2 hours |More than 2 hours | |Less than 2 hours |90 |85 |130 | |More than 2 hours |655 |32 |8 | 101. Referring to Table 12-13, how many children in the survey spent less than 2 hours watching TV and more than 2 hours reading story books, on average? a) 8 b) 130 c) 175 d) 687 ANSWER: bTYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: contingency table, properties 102. Referring to Table 12-13, how many children in the survey spent less than 2 hours watching TV and no more than 2 hours reading story books, on average? a) 8 b) 130 c) 175 d) 687 ANSWER: c TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: contingency table, properties 103. Referring to Table 12-13, if the null hypothesis of no connection between time spent watching TV and time spent reading story books is true, how many children watching less than 2 hours of TV and reading no more than 2 hours of story books, on average, can we expect? ) 35. 69 b) 227. 23 c) 262. 91 d) 969. 75 ANSWER: c TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Difficult KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, contingency table, properties 104. Referring to Table 12-13, if the null hypothesis of no connection between time spent watching TV and time spent reading story books is true, how many children watching less than 2 hours of TV and reading more than 2 hours of story books, on average, can we expect? a) 42. 09 b) 155. 25 c) 262. 92 d) 987. 75 ANSWER: a TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS : chi-square test of independence, contingency table, properties 105.Referring to Table 12-13, to test whether there is any relationship between average time spent watching TV and average time spent reading story books, the value of the measured test statistic is a) -12. 59. b) 1. 61. c) 481. 49. d) 1,368. 06. ANSWER: c TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, test statistic 106. Referring to Table 12-13, suppose we want to constrain the probability of committing a Type I error to 5% when testing whether there is any relationship between average time spent watching TV and average time spent reading story books.The critical value will be a) 5. 991. b) 7. 378. c) 12. 592. d) 14. 449. ANSWER: a TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, critical value 107. Referring to Table 12-13, we want to test whether there is any relationship between average time spent watching TV and average time spent reading story books. Suppose the valu e of the test statistic was 164 (which is not the correct answer) and the critical value was 19. 00 (which is not the correct answer), then we could conclude that a) there is a connection between time spent reading story books and time spent watching TV. ) there is no connection between time spent reading story books and time spent watching TV. c) more time spent reading story books leads to less time spent watching TV. d) more time spent watching TV leads to less time spent reading story books. ANSWER: a TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, decision, conclusion TABLE 12-14 Recent studies have found that American children are more obese than in the past. The amount of time children spend watching television has received much of the blame.A survey of 100 ten-year-olds revealed the following with regards to weights and average number of hours a day spent watching television. We are interested in testing whether the average number of hours spent watc hing TV and weights are independent at 1% level of significance. |Weights |TV Hours |Total | | |0-3 |3-6 |6+ | | |More than 10 lbs. verweight |1 |9 |20 |30 | |Within 10 lbs. of normal weight |20 |15 |15 |50 | |More than 10 lbs. underweight |10 |5 |5 |20 | |Total |31 |29 |40 |100 | 108.Referring to Table 12-14, if there is no connection between weights and average number of hours spent watching TV, we should expect how many children to be spending 3-6 hours, on average, watching TV and are more than 10 lbs. underweight? a) 5 b) 5. 8 c) 6. 2 d) 8 ANSWER: b TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, contingency table, properties 109. Referring to Table 12-14, if there is no connection between weights and average number of hours spent watching TV, we should expect how many children to be spending no more than 6 hours, on average, watching TV and are more than 10 lbs. nderweight? a) 5. 8 b) 6. 2 c) 8 d) 12 ANSWER: d TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi- square test of independence, contingency table, properties 110. Referring to Table 12-14, how many children in the survey spend more than 6 hours watching TV and are more than 10 lbs. overweight? a) 1 b) 9 c) 20 d) 40 ANSWER: c TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, contingency table, properties 111. Referring to Table 12-14, how many children in the survey spend no more than 6 hours watching TV and are more than 10 lbs. underweight? a) 5 ) 10 c) 15 d) 20 ANSWER: c TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, contingency table, properties 112. Referring to Table 12-14, the value of the test statistic is a) 8. 532. b) 15. 483. c) 18. 889. d) 69. 744. ANSWER: c TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, test statistic 113. Referring to Table 12-14, the critical value of the test will be a) 6. 635. b) 13. 277. c) 14. 860. d) 21. 666. ANSWER: b TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test of indep endence, critical value 114.Referring to Table 12-14, suppose the value of the test statistic was 30. 00 (which is not the correct value) and the critical value at 1% level of significance was 10. 00 (which is not the correct value), which of the following conclusions would be correct? a) We will accept the null and conclude that the average number of hours spent watching TV and weights are independent. b) We will reject the null and conclude that the average number of hours spent watching TV and weights are independent. c) We will accept the null and conclude that the average number of hours spent watching TV and weights are not independent. ) We will reject the null and conclude that the average number of hours spent watching TV and weights are not independent. ANSWER: d TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, decision, conclusion 115. Referring to Table 12-14, which of the following statements is correct? a) We can accept the null for any level of significance greater than 0. 005 b) We can reject the null for any level of significance greater than 0. 005. c) We can accept the null for any level of significance smaller than 0. 005 d) We can reject the null for any level of significance smaller than 0. 05. ANSWER: b TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Difficult KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, decision 116. Referring to Table 12-14, the degrees of freedom of the test statistic are a) 1. b) 2. c) 4. d) 9. ANSWER: c TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, degrees of freedom 117. True or False: Referring to Table 12-14, the test is always a one-tailed test. ANSWER: True TYPE: TF DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test of independence, properties Table 12-15 According to an article in Marketing News, fewer checks are being written at grocery store checkout stands than in the past.To determine whether there is a difference in the proportion of shoppers who paid by check over three consecutive years at a 0 . 05 level of significance, the results of a survey of 500 shoppers during three consecutive years are obtained and presented below. | |Year | |Check Written |Year 1 |Year 2 |Year 3 | |Yes |225 |175 |125 | |No |275 |325 |375 | 118.Referring to Table 12-15, what is the expected number of shoppers who paid by check in year 1 if there was no difference in the proportion of shoppers who paid by check over the three years? ANSWER: 175 TYPE: PR DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, properties 119. Referring to Table 12-15, what is the expected number of shoppers who did not pay by check in year 3 if there was no difference in the proportion of shoppers who paid by check over the three years? ANSWER: 325 TYPE: PR DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, properties 20. Referring to Table 12-15, what is the form of the null hypothesis? a) [pic] b) [pic] c) [pic] d) [pic] ANSWER: a TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-squ are test for difference in proportions, forms of hypothesis 121. Referring to Table 12-15, what is the form of the alternative hypothesis? a) [pic] b) [pic] c) [pic] d) [pic] not all [pic] are the same ANSWER: d TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, forms of hypothesis 122. True or False: Referring to Table 12-15, the assumptions needed to perform the test are satisfied. ANSWER:True TYPE: TF DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, assumption 123. Referring to Table 12-15, what are the degrees of freedom of the test statistic? ANSWER: 2 TYPE: PR DIFFICULTY: Easy KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, degrees of freedom 124. Referring to Table 12-15, what is the value of the test statistic? ANSWER: 43. 96 TYPE: PR DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, test statistic 125. Referring to Table 12-15, what is the critical value? ANSWER: 5. 99 TYPE: PR DIFFICULTY: EasyKEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, critical value 126. Referring to Table 12-15, what is the p-value of the test statistic? ANSWER: 2. 9E-10 or smaller than 0. 005 TYPE: PR DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, p-value 127. True or False: Referring to Table 12-15, the null hypothesis cannot be rejected. ANSWER: False TYPE: TF DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, decision 128. Referring to Table 12-15, what is the correct conclusion? a) There is enough evidence that the proportions are all different in the 3 years. ) There is not enough evidence that the proportions are all different in the 3 years. c) There is enough evidence that at least two of the proportions are not equal. d) There is not enough evidence that at least two of the proportions are not equal. ANSWER: c TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, conclusion 129. Referring to Table 12-15, what is the value of the critical range for the Marascuilo procedure to test for the difference in proportions between year 1 and year 2 using a 0. 05 level of significance? ANSWER: 0. 0754 TYPE: PR DIFFICULTY: DifficultKEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, Marascuilo procedure, critical value 130. Referring to Table 12-15, what is the value of the critical range for the Marascuilo procedure to test for the difference in proportions between year 1 and year 3 using a 0. 05 level of significance? ANSWER: 0. 0722 TYPE: PR DIFFICULTY: Difficult KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, Marascuilo procedure, critical range 131. Referring to Table 12-15, what is the value of the critical range for the Marascuilo procedure to test for the difference in proportions between year 2 and year 3 using a 0. 5 level of significance? ANSWER: 0. 0705 TYPE: PR DIFFICULTY: Difficult KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportion s, Marascuilo procedure, critical value 132. True or False: Referring to Table 12-15, there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the proportions between year 1 and year 2 are different at a 0. 05 level of significance. ANSWER: True TYPE: TF DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, Marascuilo procedure, decision, conclusion 133.True or False: Referring to Table 12-15, there is not sufficient evidence to conclude that the proportions between year 1 and year 3 are different at a 0. 05 level of significance. ANSWER: False TYPE: TF DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, Marascuilo procedure, decision, conclusion 134. True or False: Referring to Table 12-15, there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the proportions between year 2 and year 3 are different at a 0. 05 level of significance. ANSWER: True TYPE: TF DIFFICULTY: Moderate KEYWORDS: chi-square test for difference in proportions, Marascuilo procedure, decision conclusion